Arusberita.id – Menteri Keuangan (Menkeu) Sri Mulyani Indrawati mengatakan pencapaian APBN 2023 jauh lebih baik dari yang sudah didesain dan diperkirakan atau ahead the curve. Hal tersebut Menkeu sampaikan dalam konferensi pers APBN Kita di Jakarta pada Selasa (2/1).
“APBN 2 tahun berturut-turut sejak tahun 2022 sudah ahead the curve. Mampu untuk menyehatkan dirinya, namun pada saat yang bersamaan menyehatkan ekonomi dan melindungi masyarakat,” kata Menkeu.
Dalam kesempatan tersebut, Menkeu menjelaskan kinerja positif APBN 2023 didukung pendapatan negara yang tetap tumbuh dan belanja negara yang terus dioptimalkan. Realisasi pendapatan negara mencapai Rp2.774,3 triliun atau 112,6 persen terhadap APBN 2023 atau 105,2 persen dari Perpres 75/2023. Capaian tersebut tumbuh 5,3 persen dibandingkan realisasi tahun 2022.
Sementara, realisasi belanja negara mencapai Rp3.121,9 triliun melampaui alokasi APBN 2023. Capaian tersebut 102,0 persen dari APBN 2023 atau 100,2 persen dari Perpres 75/2023, atau meningkat 0,8 persen dari realisasi tahun 2022.
“APBN dari sisi belanja tetap memberikan dukungan yang sangat kuat. Pendapatan negara kita bagus, penerimaan pajak kita tumbuh kuat, PNBP (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak) kita naik signifikan melebihi apa yang tadinya kita secara konservatif targetkan. Belanja Kementerian/Lembaga bahkan mencapai di atas 100 persen karena beberapa inisiatif baru,” ujar Menkeu.
Belanja negara yang meningkat didukung dengan penerimaan negara yang kuat membuat defisit bisa turun mencapai Rp347,6 triliun atau 1,65 persen dari Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Defisit tersebut lebih rendah dari target pada APBN 2023 sebesar 2,84 persen PDB atau pada Perpres 75/2023 sebesar 2,27 persen terhadap PDB.
“Jadi belanjanya naiknya cukup tinggi. Namun karena penerimaan pajak, PNBP tetap terjaga baik, kita mampu menurunkan defisit. Ini adalah capaian dari APBN yang luar biasa. Menyehatkan dirinya, menyehatkan perekonomian, mendukung perekonomian dan program-program prioritas nasional,” kata Menkeu.
Kinerja positif tersebut menyebabkan keseimbangan primer tahun 2023 berhasil kembali mencapai nilai positif sebesar Rp92,2 triliun setelah surplus terakhir di tahun 2011.
“Ini adalah pembalikan yang luar biasa. Kalau dibandingkan tahun 2022, defisit keseimbangan primernya Rp74,1 triliun dan sekarang di Rp92,2 triliun. Turn around-nya itu lebih dari Rp166 triliun dalam satu tahun. Ini adalah cerita positif yang luar biasa dari APBN 2023,” ujar Menkeu.
Menkeu mengungkapkan bahwa APBN telah menjalani complete journey setelah periode pandemi dengan baik sehingga ekonomi kembali pulih. Kinerja APBN 2023 yang terjaga kuat dan sehat menjadi modal positif untuk mengawali tahun 2024. Peran APBN sebagai shock absorber akan terus dioptimalkan dalam menghadapi tantangan di masa depan dan mendukung transformasi ekonomi, serta instrumen mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
“Pandeminya sudah kita selesaikan dan atasi dengan baik, ekonominya sudah kita pulihkan, masyarakatnya kita perkuat lagi, dan APBN-nya juga kuat. Ini yang menjadi modal bagi kita untuk memasuki tahun 2024 dan seterusnya karena setiap tahun itu pasti ada shock. Yang harus kita siapkan adalah shock bisa terjadi setiap saat, any time in any form, dalam berbagai bentuk, namun APBN-nya harus tetap siap untuk menjadi instrumen untuk jaga masyarakat dan ekonomi tanpa menyebabkan APBN-nya juga kemudian rusak atau tidak sehat,” kata Menkeu.
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‘A whole different mindset’
Accurate clockwork is one matter. But how future astronauts living and working on the lunar surface will experience time is a different question entirely.
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On Earth, our sense of one day is governed by the fact that the planet completes one rotation every 24 hours, giving most locations a consistent cycle of daylight and darkened nights. On the moon, however, the equator receives roughly 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of darkness.
“It’s just a very, very different concept” on the moon, Betts said. “And (NASA is) talking about landing astronauts in the very interesting south polar region (of the moon), where you have permanently lit and permanently shadowed areas. So, that’s a whole other set of confusion.”
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“It’ll be challenging” for those astronauts, Betts added. “It’s so different than Earth, and it’s just a whole different mindset.”
That will be true no matter what time is displayed on the astronauts’ watches.
Still, precision timekeeping matters — not just for the sake of scientifically understanding the passage of time on the moon but also for setting up all the infrastructure necessary to carry out missions.
The beauty of creating a time scale from scratch, Gramling said, is that scientists can take everything they have learned about timekeeping on Earth and apply it to a new system on the moon.
And if scientists can get it right on the moon, she added, they can get it right later down the road if NASA fulfills its goal of sending astronauts deeper into the solar system.
“We are very much looking at executing this on the moon, learning what we can learn,” Gramling said, “so that we are prepared to do the same thing on Mars or other future bodies.”
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Остеопатическое лечение: принципы, методы и показания
Остеопатия — это направление медицины, основанное на целостном подходе к организму. Она рассматривает тело как единую систему, где дисфункция одного элемента влияет на другие. Остеопатическое лечение направлено на восстановление баланса, мобилизацию внутренних ресурсов и устранение причин заболеваний, а не только их симптомов.
остеопатическое лечение грыжа межпозвоночного диска причины
1. Основные принципы остеопатии
Остеопатия базируется на трех ключевых принципах:
1. Единство тела – все органы, мышцы, кости и нервы взаимосвязаны.
2. Структура и функция – нарушение анатомии (смещение, напряжение) ведет к дисфункции органа.
3. Саморегуляция – организм способен самовосстанавливаться при правильном воздействии.
2. Методы остеопатического лечения
Остеопатия включает несколько направлений:
Структуральная остеопатия
• Работа с опорно-двигательным аппаратом (суставы, позвоночник, мышцы).
• Применяется при остеохондрозе, сколиозе, болях в спине, последствиях травм.
Висцеральная остеопатия
• Воздействие на внутренние органы (печень, почки, желудок).
• Помогает при нарушениях пищеварения, спайках, застойных явлениях.
Краниосакральная терапия
• Коррекция ритмов черепа и крестца.
• Используется при мигренях, бессоннице, неврозах, последствиях родовых травм.
3. Показания к остеопатическому лечению
• Лечение заболеваний позвоночника (грыжи, протрузии, радикулит).
• Лечение головных болей и мигрени.
• Лечение нарушения осанки (сколиоз, кифоз).
• Лечение болезней суставов (артроз, артрит).
• Лечение проблем ЖКТ (запоры, дискинезия желчевыводящих путей).
• Лечение последствий травм (переломы, растяжения, ДТП).
• Лечение приинекологических нарушениях (болезненные месячные, спайки).
• Лечение при неврологических расстройствах (бессонница, ВСД). Лечение синдром хронической усталости (выгорание, стрессы).
4. Как проходит сеанс остеопатии?
1. Диагностика – врач остеопат руками определяет зоны напряжения и дисфункции.
2. Коррекция – мягкие мануальные техники (без резких движений!).
3. Рекомендации – советы по образу жизни, упражнениям.
Длительность: 40–60 минут.
Курс: обычно 3–8 сеансов с интервалом в 1–2 недели.
5. Противопоказания
? Острые инфекции (температура, воспаление).
? Остеопороз в тяжелой форме.
? Опухоли, тромбозы.
? Психические расстройства.
6. Остеопатия для детей
Особенно эффективна при:
• Лечение родовых травмах.
• Кривошее.
• Лечение гиперактивности (СДВГ).
• Лечение при задержке развития.
7. Отличие остеопатии от мануальной терапии
Критерий Остеопатия Мануальная терапия
Подход Целостный, мягкий Локальный, жесткий
Техники Безболезненные Может быть дискомфорт
Цель Устранение причины Снятие симптомов
8. Вывод
Остеопатия – безопасный и эффективный метод лечения, который помогает не только при болях в спине, но и при многих хронических заболеваниях. Главное – выбрать квалифицированного специалиста с медицинским образованием.
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Axolotl problems
As Mexico City grew and became more industrialized, the need for water brought pumps and pipes to the lake, and eventually, “it was like a bad, smelly pond with rotten water,” Zambrano said. “All of our aquatic animals suffer with bad water quality, but amphibians suffer more because they have to breathe with the skin.”
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To add to the axolotls’ problems, invasive fish species such as carp and tilapia were introduced to the lake, where they feed on axolotl eggs. And a 1985 earthquake in Mexico City displaced thousands of people, who found new homes in the area around the lake, further contributing to the destruction of the axolotls’ habitat.
These combined threats have devastated axolotl populations. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are fewer than 100 adult axolotls left in the wild. The species is considered critically endangered.
While the wild axolotls of Lake Xochimilco have dwindled to near-extinction, countless axolotls have been bred for scientific laboratories and the pet trade. “The axolotl essentially helped establish the field of experimental zoology,” Voss said.
In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual metamorphosis (or lack thereof) as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts.
In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade (though they are illegal to own in California, Maine, New Jersey and Washington, DC). However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic anomalies that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for in the pet trade.
What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic variance,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. (Plus, the pet axolotls likely wouldn’t fare well with the poor habitat conditions in the lake.)
Fame and misfortune
The difficulties that axolotls face in the wild are almost diametrically opposed to the fame they’ve found in recent years. Axolotls have captured the human imagination for centuries, as evidenced by their roles in Aztec religion and stories, but the early 21st century seems to be a high point for them. An axolotl graces the 50 peso bill. There are axolotl-inspired Pokemon, and Reddit commenters have noted that the character Toothless from the “How to Train Your Dragon” movie series is distinctly axolotl-like.
The introduction of axolotls to Minecraft in 2021 neatly mapped onto an uptick in Google searches for the animals, and social media makes it easy for people to gain access to photos and videos of the salamanders, particularly the photogenic pink ones often kept as pets.
The axolotl pet trade probably doesn’t directly harm the wild populations since wild salamanders aren’t being poached or taken from Lake Xochimilco. However, Zambrano said, axolotls’ ubiquity in pop culture and pet stores might make people assume that because axolotls “live in all the tanks around the world, they are not in danger.”
Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
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Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.
The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.
They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.
A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)
Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.
Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.
“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”
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