Arusberita.id – Utang negara-negara berkembang menggelembung. Bank Dunia atau World Bank pun mengingatkan risiko utang yang semakin menggunung dikhawatirkan akan membuat negara tersebut mengalami krisis, khususnya negara yang perekonomiannya belum stabil.
Lantas bagaimana dengan Indonesia yang utangnya juga membesar?
Wakil Direktur Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (Indef) Eko Listiyanto menilai, sejauh ini rasio utang Indonesia masih terbilang cukup aman. Rasio utang pemerintah saat ini terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) mencapai 38,11%.
Rasio utang tersebut menurun dibandingkan akhir tahun 2022 dan berada di bawah batas aman 60% PDB sesuai Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara.
Untuk diketahui, utang pemerintah hingga November 2023 telah mencapai Rp 8.041,01 triliun. Posisi utang ini meningkat dari bulan sebelumnya yang sebesar Rp 7.950,52 triliun.
Meski masih aman, Eko mewanti-wanti agar pemerintah menggunakan utang tersebut untuk pembangunan yang lebih produktif. Hal agar lonjakan utang pemerintah bisa berdampak luas bagi masyarakat luas, hingga akhirnya bisa mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi domestik.
“Tumpuan Indonesia saat ini di indikator makronya, meskipun ini tetap harus jadi early warning, sejauh ini relatif rasio utang msh cukup aman. Hanya saja harus diupayakan pemanfaatan utang lebih produktif,” tutur Eko kepada Kontan.co.id, Kamis (28/12).
Sementara itu, dari sisi mikro, Eko juga menghimbau agar pemerintah lebih memperhatikan BUMN-BUMN karya yang bermasalah dalam pengelolaan utangnya.
Misalnya, PT Wijaya Karya (WIKA) menunda pembayaran pokok Sukuk Mudharabah Berkelanjutan I Wijaya Karya Tahap I Tahun 2020 Seri A yang jatuh tempo pada 18 Desember 2023.
Kemudian, Eko menambahkan pemerintah juga perlu memperhatikan PT Waskita Karya Tbk (WSKT). Lantaran sempat menjadi sorotan karena tidak bisa membayar utang obligasi yang jatuh tempo pada 6 Agustus 2023, senilai Rp 135,5 miliar. Jumlah itu belum termasuk bunga tetap 10,75% per tahun.
“Sebelumnya juga ada masalah kemampuan bayar utang Waskita perlu jadi perhatian pemerintah, agar dalam pembangunan infrastruktur lebih hati-hati,” ungkapnya.
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Blacksprut Marketplace: Эволюция даркнета или игра на выживание?
Blacksprut — это один из крупнейших маркетплейсов даркнета, ориентированный на русскоязычную аудиторию. Появление этого сервиса, который действует вне законного поля, связано с упадком других крупных площадок, таких как Hydra. Он быстро набрал популярность благодаря удобству использования, широкому ассортименту и агрессивной маркетинговой стратегии. Но что такое Blacksprut, как он работает и в чем заключается его уникальность?
История возникновения и контекст
После того как в апреле 2022 года российские правоохранительные органы закрыли Hydra — крупнейшую нелегальную торговую платформу в даркнете, возник вакуум. Hydra не только предоставляла площадку для торговли запрещенными веществами, но и выполняла роль финтех-центра для теневой экономики с использованием криптовалют. В это время сразу несколько новых маркетплейсов поспешили занять место “упавшего гиганта”. Среди них особо выделяется Blacksprut.
Blacksprut быстро получил популярность благодаря пользователям, которые искали новую площадку для торговли и покупок, связанных с запрещенными товарами и услугами. Крупнейшие силы маркетплейса были направлены на обеспечение безопасности пользователей и анонимности, что сыграло значительную роль в его успехе.
Архитектура и функции
Blacksprut построен на той же архитектуре, что и многие другие маркетплейсы даркнета. Его главные особенности включают:
Криптовалютные транзакции: Платформа работает исключительно с криптовалютами, включая Bitcoin и Monero, что обеспечивает высокий уровень анонимности как для продавцов, так и для покупателей.
Системы безопасности: Несмотря на нелегальную природу деятельности, большое внимание уделяется безопасности пользователей. Для этого используются двухфакторная аутентификация, сложные системы шифрования данных и работа через Tor-сеть.
Ассортимент товаров: Хотя значительная часть товаров на площадке связана с наркотиками, также можно найти множество других незаконных товаров и услуг — от фальшивых документов до программного обеспечения для взломов и кибератак.
Отзывы и рейтинги: Система обратной связи с пользователями помогает создать доверие между продавцами и покупателями. Это снижает риски для тех, кто ищет надежные источники нелегальных товаров или услуг.
Почему пользователи выбирают Blacksprut?
Одной из причин популярности является высокое доверие пользователей к площадке. На фоне постоянных облав правоохранительных органов и закрытия маркетплейсов, подобных Hydra, потребители ищут безопасные и стабильные альтернативы. Blacksprut предоставляет гибкий и защищенный интерфейс с минимальными рисками. Более того, площадка активно совершенствуется и адаптируется под новые вызовы, которые диктует даркнет.
Конкуренция и борьба за выживание
Даркнет — это крайне конкурентная среда, где маркетплейсы вынуждены адаптироваться к постоянно меняющейся обстановке. Помимо внутренних факторов, таких как конкуренция среди платформ, на бизнес влияют и внешние угрозы: правоохранительные органы регулярно проводят операции по закрытию таких площадок.
Blacksprut оказался в числе тех, кто смог выдержать давление и продолжает привлекать пользователей. Тем не менее его будущее зависит от способности адаптироваться к новым угрозам — как со стороны законодательства, так и со стороны конкурентов, которые пытаются перехватить его клиентуру.
Этические и правовые аспекты
Появление и деятельность маркетплейсов, подобных Blacksprut, вызывает множество вопросов с точки зрения морали и права. Эти платформы способствуют распространению запрещенных веществ и других опасных товаров, что несет серьезные последствия для общества.
С другой стороны, для многих пользователей даркнета такие платформы являются способом обхода государственных ограничений и контроля, что поднимает вопрос о свободе личности и правах на приватность в интернете.
Заключение
Blacksprut — это яркий пример того, как нелегальная экономика адаптируется и развивается в условиях постоянного преследования со стороны властей. Он быстро заполнил вакуум, образовавшийся после закрытия Hydra, и стал одной из крупнейших русскоязычных платформ в даркнете.
Однако, как и все подобные площадки, Blacksprut существует в нестабильной среде, и его будущее всегда остается под вопросом. Успех этой платформы во многом зависит от способности руководства управлять рисками, сохранять доверие пользователей и оставаться в тени, несмотря на постоянное внимание со стороны правоохранительных органов.
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