Arusberita.id – Utang negara-negara berkembang menggelembung. Bank Dunia atau World Bank pun mengingatkan risiko utang yang semakin menggunung dikhawatirkan akan membuat negara tersebut mengalami krisis, khususnya negara yang perekonomiannya belum stabil.
Lantas bagaimana dengan Indonesia yang utangnya juga membesar?
Wakil Direktur Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (Indef) Eko Listiyanto menilai, sejauh ini rasio utang Indonesia masih terbilang cukup aman. Rasio utang pemerintah saat ini terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) mencapai 38,11%.
Rasio utang tersebut menurun dibandingkan akhir tahun 2022 dan berada di bawah batas aman 60% PDB sesuai Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara.
Untuk diketahui, utang pemerintah hingga November 2023 telah mencapai Rp 8.041,01 triliun. Posisi utang ini meningkat dari bulan sebelumnya yang sebesar Rp 7.950,52 triliun.
Meski masih aman, Eko mewanti-wanti agar pemerintah menggunakan utang tersebut untuk pembangunan yang lebih produktif. Hal agar lonjakan utang pemerintah bisa berdampak luas bagi masyarakat luas, hingga akhirnya bisa mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi domestik.
“Tumpuan Indonesia saat ini di indikator makronya, meskipun ini tetap harus jadi early warning, sejauh ini relatif rasio utang msh cukup aman. Hanya saja harus diupayakan pemanfaatan utang lebih produktif,” tutur Eko kepada Kontan.co.id, Kamis (28/12).
Sementara itu, dari sisi mikro, Eko juga menghimbau agar pemerintah lebih memperhatikan BUMN-BUMN karya yang bermasalah dalam pengelolaan utangnya.
Misalnya, PT Wijaya Karya (WIKA) menunda pembayaran pokok Sukuk Mudharabah Berkelanjutan I Wijaya Karya Tahap I Tahun 2020 Seri A yang jatuh tempo pada 18 Desember 2023.
Kemudian, Eko menambahkan pemerintah juga perlu memperhatikan PT Waskita Karya Tbk (WSKT). Lantaran sempat menjadi sorotan karena tidak bisa membayar utang obligasi yang jatuh tempo pada 6 Agustus 2023, senilai Rp 135,5 miliar. Jumlah itu belum termasuk bunga tetap 10,75% per tahun.
“Sebelumnya juga ada masalah kemampuan bayar utang Waskita perlu jadi perhatian pemerintah, agar dalam pembangunan infrastruktur lebih hati-hati,” ungkapnya.
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