Arusberita.id – Bonus demografi dan kepercayaan internasional (internasional trust) adalah peluang besar yang dimiliki Indonesia untuk meraih Indonesia Emas pada tahun 2045. Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) ungkap, pemerintah telah memiliki 5 strategi untuk wujudkan raih Indonesia Emas tahun 2045.
“Peluang besar kita adalah bonus demografi yang akan mencapai puncak di tahun 2030-an. 69 persen adalah penduduk usia produktif. Di sinilah kunci peningkatan produktivitas nasional kita. Tidak hanya peluang saja, tapi strategi meraihnya sudah ada, sudah dirumuskan. Tinggal apakah kita mau memfokuskan energi kita untuk bergerak maju, atau justru membuang energi kita untuk hal-hal yang tidak produktif, yang memecah belah, bahkan yang membuat kita melangkah mundur,” ujar Jokowi saat menyampaikan pidato pada Sidang Tahunan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) serta Sidang Bersama Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) dalam rangka HUT Ke-78 Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Repulik Indonesia (RI), di Ruang Rapat Paripurna, Gedung Nusantara MPR/DPR/DPD, Senayan, Jakarta (16/8).
Pertama, strategi yang dilakukan pemerintah adalah mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Jokowi mengungkapkan, di tahun 2022 pemerintah telah berhasil menurunkan angka stunting menjadi 21,6 persen dari sebelumnya 37 persen di tahun 2014, menaikkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) menjadi 72,9, dan meningkatkan Indeks Pemberdayaan Gender menjadi 76,5.
“(Pemerintah) menyiapkan anggaran perlindungan sosial total kalau dijumlah semua dari 2015 sampai 2023 sebesar Rp 3.212 triliun, termasuk di dalamnya Kartu Indonesia Sehat, Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP), KIP Kuliah, Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Kartu Sembako, serta perlindungan kepada lansia (lanjut usia), penyandang disabilitas, dan kelompok-kelompok rentan lainnya, serta reskilling dan upskilling tenaga kerja melalui Balai Latihan Kerja dan program Kartu Prakerja,” urainya.
Kedua, pemerintah juga terus menggencarkan kebijakan hilirisasi industri yang tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan penciptaan lapangan kerja, melainkan pula menghasilkan produktivitas nasional—memberikan nilai tambah yang sebesar-besarnya.
“Di sinilah peran sektor ekonomi hijau dan hilirisasi sebagai window of opportunity kita untuk meraih kemajuan, karena Indonesia sangat kaya sumber daya alam, termasuk bahan mineral, hasil perkebunan, hasil kelautan, serta sumber energi baru dan terbarukan,” ungkap Jokowi.
Menurutnya, hilirisasi yang ingin dilakukan Indonesia adalah hilirisasi yang melakukan transfer teknologi, manfaatkan sumber energi baru dan terbarukan, serta meminimalisasi dampak lingkungan. Hilirisasi juga harus mengoptimalkan kandungan lokal, bermitra dengan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM), petani, dan nelayan, sehingga manfaatnya terasa langsung bagi rakyat kecil.
“Hilirisasi tak hanya dilakukan pada komoditas mineral tetapi juga nonmineral, seperti sawit, rumput laut, kelapa, dan komoditas potensial lainnya. Upaya ini sedang kita lakukan dan harus terus dilanjutkan. Ini memang pahit bagi para pengekspor bahan mentah. Ini juga mungkin pahit bagi pendapatan negara dalam jangka pendek. Tapi jika ekosistem besarnya sudah terbentuk, jika pabrik pengolahannya sudah beroperasi, saya pastikan ini akan berbuah manis pada akhirnya, terutama bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia,” kata Jokowi.
Ia mencontohkan, sejak pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan penghentian ekspor bijih nikel pada tahun 2020, investasi hilirisasi nikel pun tumbuh pesat. Bahkan, saat ini terdapat 43 pabrik pengolahan nikel yang berpotensi membuka peluang kerja yang sangat besar. Jokowi meyakini, jika hilirisasi konsisten dilakukan di berbagai komoditas, maka pendapatan per kapita Indonesia yang mencapai Rp 71 juta di tahun 2022 dapat melompat signifikan hingga dua kali lipat dalam 10 tahun mendatang.
“Ini baru satu komoditas dan jika kita konsisten dan mampu melakukan hilirisasi untuk nikel, kemudian tembaga, kemudian bauksit, kemudian CPO, dan rumput laut, dan yang lain-lainnya, berdasar hitung-hitungan perkiraan, dalam 10 tahun mendatang pendapatan per kapita kita bisa mencapai Rp 153 juta (10.944 dollar AS). Dalam 15 tahun, pendapatan per kapita kita akan mencapai Rp 217 juta atau 15.860 dollar AS). Dalam 22 tahun, pendapatan per kapita kita akan mencapai Rp 331 juta (25.025 dollar AS),” ungkap Jokowi.
Ketiga, strategi untuk mewujudkan visi Indonesia Maju di tahun 2045 adalah mengakselerasi pembangunan infrastruktur dan konektivitas yang pada akhirnya menaikkan daya saing Indonesia.
“Berdasarkan laporan Institute for Management Development (IMD), daya saing kita pada 2022 naik dari ranking 44 menjadi 34. Ini merupakan kenaikan tertinggi di dunia. Lembaga think tank Australia, Lowy Institute, menyebut Indonesia sebagai middle power in Asia, dengan diplomatic influence yang terus meningkat tajam. Dan, Indonesia termasuk 1 dari 6 negara Asia yang mengalami kenaikan comprehensive power,” ungkap Jokowi.
Keempat, melakukan pembangunan dari desa, pinggiran, dan daerah terluar yang pada akhirnya memeratakan ekonomi Indonesia. Jokowi menyebutkan, pemerintah telah menggelontorkan Dana Desa hingga mencapai Rp539 triliun dari tahun 2015 hingga 2023.
Kelima, reformasi struktural yang konsisten, terutama sinkronisasi dan penyederhanaan regulasi, kemudahan perizinan, kepastian hukum, dan pencegahan korupsi.
“Upaya meraih Indonesia Emas 2045 merupakan sebuah upaya yang berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang,” pungkas Jokowi.
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