Arusberita.id – Perekonomian global tidak baik-baik saja. Ekonomi dunia tengah berada dalam tren perlambatan, terutama dialami Eropa dan Tiongkok.
Sementara itu, meskipun kinerja ekonomi cenderung menguat, namun kondisi fiskal AS mengalami tekanan signifikan yang memicu gejolak pasar keuangan dengan naiknya yield UST ke rekor tertinggi dalam 1,5 dekade terakhir.
Deni Surjantoro, Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu), mengatakan dinamika perlambatan dan meningkatnya risiko ketidakpastian pasar keuangan global berdampak cukup signifikan pada hampir seluruh negara emerging market, termasuk Indonesia.
“Di pasar keuangan, nilai tukar lokal mengalami tekanan akibat aliran modal keluar baik di pasar saham maupun obligasi. Aktivitas ekonomi riil juga terdampak, tercermin dari kinerja ekspor yang mengalami kontraksi,” ungkapnya dalam keterangan resmi, dikutip (9/11/2023).
Adapun, efek lain, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia di triwulan III 2023 tercatat 4,94%. Ekonomi Indonesia melambat dibandingkan kuartal sebelumnya yang tumbuh 5,17%, terutama akibat menurunnya kinerja ekspor barang dan jasa.
“Tren perlambatan global diperkirakan berlanjut dan berpotensi menggeret pertumbuhan triwulan IV kembali berada dibawah 5 persen sehingga secara keseluruhan pertumbuhan ekonomi di tahun 2023 berisiko dibawah 5 persen,” kata Deni.
Selain itu, dia menuturkan dampak El Nino yang telah mendorong kenaikan inflasi volatile food akibat naiknya harga beras juga perlu diwaspadai.
Untuk merespons kondisi tersebut, pemerintah merilis paket kebijakan untuk stabilisasi ekonomi dan melindungi daya beli masyarakat. Paket kebijakan tersebut terdiri dari tiga kebijakan utama. Kebijakan pertama, yaitu Penebalan Bansos untuk melindungi daya beli masyarakat miskin dan rentan.
Kebijakan ini meliputi Pemberian tambahan bantuan pangan beras sebesar 10kg/KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat) selama 1 bulan (Desember 2023) dengan sasaran 21,3 juta KPM meliputi Penerima PKH dan/atau Sembako, dengan anggaran sebesar Rp2,67 triliun, serta Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) El Nino sebesar Rp200 ribu/bulan selama 2 bulan (November – Desember 2023) dengan sasaran 18,8 juta KPM penerima sembako dengan anggaran sebesar Rp7,52 triliun.
Kebijakan kedua yaitu Percepatan Penyaluran Program KUR ditujukan untuk penguatan UMKM guna menopang pertumbuhan di tengah peningkatan suku bunga.
Percepatan penyaluran program KUR tersebut dilakukan melalui weekend banking, sehingga penyerapan penyaluran KUR diharapkan dapat meningkat dan lebih optimal. Dari catatan Kemenkeu, realisasi KUR pada September 2023 yang mencapai Rp177,5 triliun, diharapkan menjadi Rp297 triliun pada akhir tahun 2023.
Kebijakan ketiga yaitu Penguatan Sektor Perumahan. Kebijakan ini ditempuh dengan pertimbangan efek pengganda sektor yang besar. Sampai dengan September 2023, kinerja sektor Perumahan berada dalam trend melambat sehingga perlu adanya intervensi untuk menggairahkan kembali kinerja sektor ini. Hal tersebut diharapkan mampu menopang kinerja perekonomian di tengah risiko perlambatan global.
Adapun, dukungan yang diberikan untuk sektor perumahan ditargetkan untuk rumah komersial, rumah Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR), dan rumah masyarakat miskin dengan total perkiraan kebutuhan anggaran sebesar Rp3,7 triliun untuk tahun 2023 dan 2024.
Deni menjelaskan dukungan untuk rumah komersial diberikan melalui pemberian PPN DTP rumah dengan harga jual paling tinggi Rp5 miliar namun yang ditanggung pemerintah adalah Dasar Pengenaan Pajak (DPP) sampai dengan Rp2 miliar selama 14 bulan (November 2023 sampai dengan Desember 2024).
Pemberian PPN-DTP dilakukan dengan ketentuan, bulan November 2023 – Juni 2024, PPN DTP diberikan sebesar 100%, dan bulan Juli 2024 – Desember 2024, PPN DTP diberikan sebesar 50%.
Dukungan bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR) dilakukan melalui pemberian Bantuan Biaya Administrasi (BBA) selama 14 bulan dengan nilai bantuan sebesar Rp4 juta per rumah. Pada bulan November – Desember 2023 diberikan kepada 62 ribu unit, dan di periode tahun 2024 diberikan kepada 220 ribu unit.
Sedangkan, lanjutnya, dukungan untuk rumah masyarakat miskin dilakukan melalui penambahan target bantuan rumah Sejahtera Terpadu (RST) sebanyak 1,8 ribu rumah November-Desember 2023. Bantuan RST tersebut mencapai Rp20 juta per rumah.
“Di tengah tantangan yang dihadapi, dengan berbagai paket kebijakan ekonomi tersebut diharapkan APBN tetap terus dioptimalkan untuk menjalankan fungsi stabilisasi dan shock absorber,” tegas Deni.
Hal ini untuk tetap melindungi daya beli masyarakat miskin dan rentan, serta dapat menjaga pertumbuhan ekonomi 2023 di kisaran 5%.
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