Arusberita.id – Dekan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Mangku Purnomo, mengapresiasi kebijakan Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) di bidang pangan dan pertanian.
Menurutnya, pemerintah sudah berusaha optimal untuk memanfaatkan lahan guna menjaga pasokan pangan dalam negeri.
Sebelumnya, Presiden Jokowi pernah menyoroti permasalahan pangan di Indonesia, bahwa permintaan selalu meningkat karena populasi yang terus bertambah. Di sisi lain, ketersediaan lahan merupakan tantangan produksi utama di Indonesia.
“Kebijakan pangan dan pertanian pada era Jokowi secara umum sudah relatif bagus. Dari sisi produksi juga sudah dilakukan diversifikasi sumber, termasuk food estate dan pemberdayaan lahan rawa. Program-program tersebut memang tidak bisa langsung dilihat manfaatnya, tetapi dari sisi mitigasi sudah bagus. Kebijakan stabilisasi stok dan harga udah bagus,” kata Mangku dalam wawancaranya dengan Media Center Indonesia Maju.
Mengenai pemanfaatan lahan rawa, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) menyatakan bahwa kontribusi lahan rawa terhadap pangan nasional masih sangat rendah. Diperkirakan hanya 5% dari sekitar 34,12 juta hektare yang sudah dimanfaatkan. Artinya, masih sangat potensial untuk ditingkatkan.
Terkait food estate, Mangku menyoroti manfaatnya memang tidak bisa dirasakan dalam waktu dekat. Butuh waktu sedikitnya 3 tahun jika infrastrukturnya sudah baik. Jika membangunnya dari awal, maka butuh waktu 5 tahun untuk dirasakan manfaatnya.
Kendati begitu, dia menegaskan bahwa upaya merealisasikan lumbung pangan merupakan suatu keharusan bagi kebutuhan pangan jangka panjang Indonesia.
“Apapun upaya harus dilakukan kalau kita masih ingin Indonesia ini ada. Oleh karena itu, kita harus pisahkan fungsi food estate dengan pertanian rakyat. Yang satu fokus pada stok nasional atau cadangan dan satu lagi market based,” kata Mangku.
Sementara itu, untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan jangka pendek dan untuk menahan inflasi, maka impor pangan dari luar negeri bisa menjadi solusi.
“Kalau fokusnya menjaga inflasi di sisi konsumen, maka impor adalah solusinya. Itu lebih punya efek besar dibanding mobilisasi produk pertanian di dalam negeri yang tersebar. Produsen beras yang terpisah dan persoalan logistik bisa menjadikan masalah lebih kompleks. Sehingga, impor bisa jadi solusi jangka pendek,” kata Direktur Eksekutif Center of Reform on Economics (CORE), Mohammad Faisal, dalam wawancara terpisahnya dengan Media Center Indonesia Maju.
Lebih lanjut, Mangku yang merupakan guru besar bidang sosiologi pertanian itu mengusulkan sejumlah hal, supaya Presiden Jokowi mengakhiri masa kepemimpinannya dengan kebijakan pertanian yang baik. Pertama, pemerintah didorong untuk mengumumkan kemampuan negara soal bantuan pupuk. Dengan demikian, kelompok tani bisa membuat perencanaan dalam beberapa tahun ke depan.
“Apakah negara hanya sanggup 10%-20% atau berapapun itu, harus dijelaskan tiap tahun. Petani berapa diberi kuotanya, lalu mereka membuat perencanaan lewat Rencana Definitif Kebutuhan Kelompoktani (RDKK). Jadi konsepnya seperti pagu yang diberikan ke petani. Dan RDKK harus dibuat maju setahun, sehingga ada persiapan yang bagus dari petani dan perusahaan pupuk,” beber Mangku.
Ihwal permodalan, dia mengusulkan petani mendapat bantuan dana dengan sistem investasi, bukan pinjaman. Tidak ketinggalan, bantuan sosial kepada kelompok tani juga masih diperlukan, kalau bisa jumlahnya bahkan ditambah.
“Untuk bantuan langsung tunai (BLT) harus ada dan diperbanyak, khususnya untuk kelompok miskin ekstrem, community based social support untuk komunitas pedesaan,” usulnya.
Di masa depan, jika kebijakan food estate telah berhasil dan kesejahteraan serta bantuan permodalan sudah menjangkau banyak petani, tidak menutup kemungkinan pertanian bisa menjadi salah satu sektor hilirisasi andalan Indonesia.
“Ini yang kita harus serius. Industri pangan harus kita support. Jika food estate jalan, maka pasokan bahan baku juga bagus. Korporasi tani juga bisa mengagregasi produk petani kecil agar fit dengan kebutuhan industri,” kata Mangku.
“Untuk food estate, jika stok pangan sudah harus dikeluarkan maka industri menyerap. Jika polanya sudah established, maka industri juga akan terjamin pasokan bahan bakunya,” tandasnya.
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