Arusberita.id – Realisasi penerimaan pajak Indonesia per 31 Oktober 2024 tercatat sebesar Rp 1.517,53 triliun, hanya mencapai 76,3% dari target penerimaan pajak 2024.
Dengan sisa waktu yang terbatas di akhir tahun ini, tampaknya target penerimaan pajak akan sulit tercapai sepenuhnya.
Hal ini memperlihatkan tantangan besar dalam menjaga keseimbangan anggaran negara, terutama dalam mendanai berbagai program yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat.
Di sisi lain, negara membutuhkan penerimaan pajak untuk membiayai berbagai program yang manfaatnya dikembalikan ke rakyat. Kenaikan tarif PPN dari 11% menjadi 12% adalah amanat dari Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan dan merupakan keputusan bersama antara seluruh fraksi di DPR dan pemerintah.
Kebijakan ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan sistem perpajakan yang lebih adil, efisien, dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.
Meskipun ada penyesuaian tarif PPN, negara tetap memastikan barang-barang yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat tetap bebas dari PPN antara lain: beras; gabah; jagung; sagu; kedelai; garam, baik yang beryodium maupun yang tidak beryodium; daging, yaitu daging segar yang tanpa diolah, tetapi telah melalui proses disembelih, dikuliti, dipotong, didinginkan, dibekukan, dikemas atau tidak dikemas, digarami, dikapur, diasamkan, diawetkan dengan cara lain, dan/atau direbus; telur, yaitu telur yang tidak diolah, termasuk telur yang dibersihkan, diasinkan, atau dikemas; susu, yaitu susu perah baik yang telah melalui proses didinginkan maupun dipanaskan, tidak mengandung tambahan gula atau bahan lainnya, dan/atau dikemas atau tidak dikemas; buah-buahan, yaitu buah-buahan segar yang dipetik, baik yang telah melalui proses dicuci, disortasi, dikupas, dipotong, diiris, di-grading, dan atau dikemas atau tidak dikemas; dan sayur-sayuran, yaitu sayuran segar yang dipetik, dicuci, ditiriskan, dan/atau disimpan pada suhu rendah, termasuk sayuran segar yang dicacah.
Selain barang barang diatas, semuanya dikenakan PPN menjadi 12%, termasuk Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPNBM), seperti kendaraan, rumah, dan barang konsumsi kelas atas.
Hal ini bertujuan agar mereka yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi lebih tinggi dapat berkontribusi lebih besar terhadap penerimaan negara, yang nantinya akan dikembalikan kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk berbagai program sosial yang meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan memperkecil kesenjangan sosial-ekonomi.
Namun, Jika dalam kenaikan PPN hanya PPNBM saja yang dinaikkan, maka tidak akan mampu mendongkrak target penerimaan pajak tahun 2025 sesuai UU APBN 2025. Sebab PPNBM rata-rata saja sejak 2013-2022 dari pos penerimaan tidak sampai 2%, hanya 1,3% (PPnBM dalam negeri + PPnBM Impor).
Perlu kami tekankan penerimaan pajak ini akan dikembalikan kepada masyarakat melalui berbagai program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup rakyat, dan memperkecil kesenjangan sosial-ekonomi. Ini adalah wujud nyata negara berperan dalam distribusi kekayaan, memastikan pajak yang dipungut lebih besar dari mereka yang memiliki kapasitas lebih tinggi.
Rencana penerimaan pajak tahun 2025, dengan skenario PPN menjadi 12% salah satunya untuk membiayai program-program prioritas diantaranya: Makan Bergizi gratis yang membutuhkan dana sekitar Rp 71 triliun, Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Gratis Rp 3,2 triliun, Pembangunan Rumah Sakit Lengkap Berkualitas di daerah Rp 1,8 triliun Renovasi Sekolah Rp 20 triliun, dan Lumbung Pangan Nasional, Daerah dan Desa Rp 15 triliun, selain itu melanjukan program penghapusan kemiskinan ekstrem, dan penurunan prevalensi stunting.
Banggar DPR memahami sejak 2018 hingga 2023, jumlah penduduk kelas menengah Indonesia menurun sebesar 9 juta jiwa, dari 61 juta menjadi 52 juta jiwa. Hal ini berdampak pada penurunan proporsi tabungan terhadap total pengeluaran, yang menunjukkan pelemahan daya beli di kalangan masyarakat terutama di menengah bawah.
Kami juga memahami kebijakan kenaikan PPN 12% akan mempengaruhi daya beli, terutama bagi kelas menengah dan masyarakat miskin. Untuk itu, Banggar DPR meminta pemerintah perlu menjalankan kebijakan mitigasi secara komprehensif. Hal ini untuk memastikan bahwa dampak dari kebijakan ini tidak terlalu membebani golongan masyarakat yang sudah mengalami penurunan daya beli.
Berikut adalah beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk membantu masyarakat, terutama kelas menengah dan miskin, mengatasi dampak dari kenaikan PPN:
1. Perlu penambahan anggaran untuk perlindungan sosial ke rakyat; jumlah penerima manfaat perlinsos di pertebal bukan hanya untuk rumah tangga miskin tetapi juga hampir miskin/rentan miskin. Serta memastikan program tersebut disampaikan tepat waktu dan tepat sasaran.
2. Subsidi BBM, gas LPG listrik untuk rumah tangga miskin dipertahankan, termasuk driver ojek online hendaknya tetap mendapatkan jatah pengisian bbm bersubsidi, bahkan bila perlu menjangkau kelompok menengah bawah.
3, Subsidi transportasi umum diperluas yang menjadi moda transportasi massal sehari-hari.
4. Subsidi perumahan untuk kelas menengah bawah
5. Bantuan untuk pendidikan dan beasiswa perguruan tinggi dipertebal yang menjangkau lebih banyak menengah bawah.
6. Melakukan operasi pasar secara rutin paling sedikit 2 bulan sekali dalam rangka memastikan agar inflasi terkendali dan harga komoditas pangan tetap terjangkau.
7. Memastikan penggunaan barang dan jasa UMKM di lingkungan Pemerintah. Menaikkan belanja barang dan jasa pemerintah yang sebelumnya paling sedikit 40% menjadi 50% untuk menggunakan produk Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Koperasi dari hasil produksi dalam negeri.
8. Memberikan program pelatihan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi untuk masyarakat kelas menengah. meluncurkan program pelatihan keterampilan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi untuk kelas menengah yang terdampak, guna membantu mereka beralih ke sektor-sektor yang lebih berkembang dan berdaya saing. Juga bisa disinkronisasi dengan penyaluran KUR.






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