Arusberita.id – Sejumlah ekonom memperkirakan perekonomian Indonesia pada masa transisi kepemimpinan masih akan positif.
Ekonom LPEM FEB UI Teuku Riefky memperkirakan, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia pada tahun 2024 masih akan berada pada angka 5%. Salah satu faktor yang akan mendorong pertumbuhan adalah konsumsi masyarakat seiring dengan perputaran uang yang meningkat pada periode pemilu.
“Jadi ini nanti akan muncul banyak spending (belanja) seperti percetakan maupun transportasi. Ini satu faktor yang mendorong lajunya pertumbuhan ekonomi di 2024,” ujar Riefky kepada Kontan.co.id, Minggu (24/12).
Namun, dari sisi investasi, dirinya melihat ada kemungkinan tertahan pada tahun depan lantaran banyak kebijakan yang masih mungkin akan tertunda penyusunan maupun perbaikannya selama transisi pemerintahan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, investor akan cenderung wait and see untuk menanamkan modalnya di dalam negeri.
Sementara itu, Riefky memperkirakan inflasi pada tahun depan masih akan berada pada kisaran 2,5% hingga 3,5% year on year.
Riefky berharap, transisi kepemimpinan pada tahun depan berjalan dengan baik dan tidak menimbulkan gejolak atau ketidakstabilan baik dari sisi politik maupun ekonomi. Selain itu, pemerintah juga bisa menjamin untuk terus melanjutkan program yang sudah baik dan mengevaluasi program yang dinilai belum cukup baik.
“Jadi memang ke depannya sih pasar melihat kira-kira yang terpilih (Presiden-Wakil Presiden) apakah akan mendorong program-program yang sesuai dengan perbaikan kondisi ekonomi,” kata dia.
Ekonom Center of Reform on Economics (Core) Yusuf Rendy Manilet mengatakan, pada tahun depan ketidakpastian dari perekonomian global masih relatif besar. Misalnya saja konflik geopolitik yang saat ini belum menemui titik terang.
Oleh karena itu, kondisi tersebut berdampak terhadap keputusan ataupun kebijakan perekonomian global yang tentu akan mempengaruhi banyak negara termasuk emerging markets, seperti Indonesia.
Di sisi lain, pada tahun depan tidak hanya Indonesia saja yang mengadakan tahun politik. Yusuf bilang, tahun politik juga berkaitan dengan ketidakpastian mengingat siapa yang akan terpilih dan bagaimana kebijakan yang dijalankan. Artinya, ketika ketidakpastian tersebut meningkat, maka dari sisi investasi umumnya investor akan mencari atau menempatkan asetnya pada instrumen yang sifatnya save haven.
“Artinya ada potensi pelarian modal dari negara-negara emerging markets jika kondisi ketidakpastian itu terjadi,” kata Yusuf.
Kendati begitu, Yusuf bilang, Indonesia diuntungkan lantaran proporsi dari perekonomian domestik ini relatif lebih besar yakni disumbang oleh investasi dan juga konsumsi rumah tangga.
Yusuf memperkirakan, konsumsi rumah tangga masih akan tetap stabil namun mempunyai kecenderungan melemah marginal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor harga komoditas yang relatif akan mulai melandai atau tidak setinggi pada tahun ini maupun dua tahun lalu.
“Konsumsi barang-barang tahan lama seperti kendaraan ataupun properti juga berpotensi tertekan akibat tren ataupun kondisi suku bunga yang tinggi saat ini,” terang dia.
Adapun untuk pengeluaran konsumsi pada tahun politik masih akan memberikan dampak terbatas terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga secara keseluruhan. Sementara kondisi pertumbuhan yang stabil juga akan dialami oleh komponen investasi atau dalam hal ini Pembentukan Modal Tetap Bruto (PMTB).
Yusuf menambahkan, dari sisi tren keberlanjutan investasi sebenarnya beberapa investasi seperti di industri logam dasar masih akan akan melanjutkan tren positif yang terjadi pada dua tahun terakhir. Meski begitu, kondisi perekonomian global yang tidak menentu pasti akan ikut mempengaruhi dinamika dari pertumbuhan investasi secara umum.
“Jadi secara umum kami menilai proyeksi pertumbuhan ekonomi di tahun 2024 berada di kisaran 4,9% hingga 5,0%,” katanya.
Dari sisi inflasi pada tahun depan, Yusuf memperkirakan masih akan tetap stabil. Namun pada awal tahun, fenomena ataupun dampak dari El Nino akan memberikan dorongan kenaikan harga terutama pada kuartal I-2024.
Oleh karena itu, hal tersebut harus diantisipasi mengingat pada akhir kuartal I-2023 masyarakat muslim di Indonesia mulai akan merayakan Ramadan.
“Kita tahu bulan Ramadan itu juga kerap kali mendorong peningkatan permintaan yang bisa mendorong inflasi umum secara keseluruhan,” katanya.

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