Arusberita.id – Pakar pertanian sekaligus guru besar Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Dwi Andreas Santosa mengungkapkan, Presiden Joko Widodo telah menggelontorkan anggaran negara untuk program ketahanan pangan sebesar Rp 954 triliun selama 10 tahun terakhir.
Anggaran yang disebut sebagai dana ketahanan pangan tersebut digunakan sebagai anggaran Kementerian Pertanian, subsidi pupuk, pangan, food estate, dan dana alokasi khusus untuk ketahanan pangan di daerah.
“Ada dana dari pemerintah yang namanya dana ketahanan pangan. Dana ketahanan pangan ini untuk apa? Untuk subsidi pupuk, subsidi benih, bagi-bagi alsintan, lalu kemudian dana Kementerian Pertanian, dana untuk mendukung pangan, lalu DAK, dana lokasi khusus untuk daerah untuk sektor pertanian. Itu totalnya berapa? Selama 10 tahun terakhir Rp 954 triliun,” ungkap Dwi Andreas, saat dihubungi, Senin (12/8/2024).
Meski pemerintah sudah menggelontorkan anggaran fantastis, Dwi Andreas menilai, pembangunan sektor pertanian di Indonesia masih belum maksimal. Dari segi produksi, Indonesia masih mengandalkan impor pangan. Bahkan, menurutnya, impor pangan pada kepemimpinan Jokowi mencatat rekor tertinggi sepanjang sejarah.
“Selama 10 tahun terakhir, impor melonjak tajam. Impor pangan kita itu melonjak dari US$ 10,1 miliar pada 2013, menjadi US$ 18,8 miliar pada 2023. Bisa dibayangkan, itu menghasilkan defisit neraca perdagangan komoditas pangan kita dari US$ 8,9 miliar pada 2013 ke US$ 16,3 miliar pada 2023,” katanya.
Menurut Dwi Andreas, ada sejumlah hal yang menjadi pemicu permasalahan ini. Pertama, petani masih banyak yang menanam untuk merugi. Kedua, terjadi penyusutan lahan pertanian akibat alih fungsi lahan untuk sektor nonpertanian.
“Permasalahan ketiga, terkait pengembangan inovasi. Selama 20 tahun terakhir ini, produktivitas padi kita itu stagnan. Bahkan di 5 tahun pertama di pemerintah saat ini, itu justru turun produktivitasnya. Padahal sebelum tahun 2000, Indonesia nomor satu di Asia Tenggara terkait dengan produktivitas padi,” tuturnya.
Keempat, fenomena iklim khususnya El Nino menjadi masalah serius. Kemudian, masalah selanjut terkuat hama dan penyakit menyerang sektor pertanian.
Untuk itu, Dwi Andreas berpesan kepada pemerintahan selanjutnya agar fokus membenahi sejumlah permasalahan tersebut. Dia juga menyarankan, apabila ingin meningkatkan ketahanan pangan, pemerintah harus fokus ke beberapa komoditas unggulan saja.
“Bagaimana caranya? Untuk itu, tidak usah bercita-cita terlalu muluk-muluk. Kita fokus saja ke beberapa komoditas, katakanlah padi dan jagung saja. Kalau fokus ke beberapa komoditas penting sudah tentu swasembada pangan untuk komoditas yang bersangkutan amat sangat bisa kita capai,” pungkasnya.
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